What is the meaning of the title how do pride and prejudice influence Essay

What is the significance of the title how pride and preference impact the novel how does the title change the route for you read the novel would it appear distinction it was called something different - Essay Example The words â€Å"Pride† and â€Å"Prejudice† have been utilized to title the novel. Pride truly is an indication of delight by a person after an achievement while bias is a demonstration of hatred towards an individual or a gathering. In the novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’, the terms â€Å"pride†; â€Å"prejudice,† have broadly been utilized to show accentuation on the practices, societies, and the attributes of the principle and supporting characters (Austen and Bloom 56). The title of this novel (Pride and Prejudice), somewhat makes the substance of the novel unsurprising. In the plot, partiality and pride are showed both by the primary characters Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy just as the supporting characters Jane Bennet and Mr. Bingley. Contrastingly, the heroes show their pride or preference in a more straightforward way when contrasted with the minor characters, who somewhat are eccentric, and depict their pride or bias by impact rather than direct contribution (Austen and Thomson 77). For all intents and purposes, in the plot, the primary characters alienate in satisfaction of the title of the novel; as Elizabeth Bennet shows partiality through her character, Mr. Darcy shows the character of a person who is both glad for himself just as where he originates from. The satisfaction of the title is appeared by the primary characters in the principal part (Austen and Thomson 98). In the main section, Elizabeth’s senior sister Jane, becomes hopelessly enamored with a rich individual in the character of Mr. Bingley. Apparently, Jane and Mr. Bingley are bound for marriage, however not until preference and prides are undermining the progression of their relationship. In the connection among Jane and Mr. Bingley, it is confirm that the economic wellbeing of either is viewed as a basic factor before finishing their marital association. With a wide social hole between them, individuals persuade Mr. Bingley that Jane doesn't cherish him when really Mr. Bingley’s family

K217 Ena Free Essays

string(272) grown-ups is twice that of solid more seasoned grown-ups (Beekman AT, 2002), the connection among despondency and handicap is a two path road with sorrow there being a connection between physical inabilities and burdensome side effects in more seasoned grown-ups (Gill TM,Kurland B 2003). K217 EMA Report Gary Table of Contents Page 1. List of chapters Page 2. Presentation Page 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on K217 Ena or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Setting Page 4. Conversation Page 8. Ends and Recommendations Page 9. References Introduction This is a report on Gary a multi year old male help client who lives inside the province of Conway. Because of a genuine auto crash some time prior he has lost the utilization of the two his legs and he doesn't work and depends on handicap benefits for his pay, Gary lives alone and has some consideration gave by his little girl and the rest by a help laborer. This report has been dispatched by Gary with the assistance of his help specialist as he is keen on taking up some retraining so he can move towards landing over into the position showcase and getting increasingly autonomous. His little girl and child in law are juxtaposed to the thought as they might suspect Gary is jumping on in years and she would not have the option to go to the location to prepare Gary for work before 9. 30 am as she needs to get her youngsters to class. His little girl additionally has qualms about the Gary’s ex-work partner as he has a notoriety of being very requesting of his representatives and pays just an essential pay. In this report we are going to investigate all the choices that are available to Gary as to him getting additional consideration so he can push towards his objective of retraining for work. The key issues that we have to deliver as respect to Gary are would we be able to get him the additional consideration that would make him progressively autonomous and give him the versatility to let him go to promote instruction and preparing to return him in the work place. This report is being ordered for Social Workers that are based inside the Adult Social Services inside Conwy County Council. Setting With Gary’s circumstance various critical occasions have happened which have prompted his present circumstance, he lost the utilization of his legs at some point back and lives alone in the wake of getting separated from somewhere in the range of 15 years prior. Gary is experiencing despondency and is taking drug for this, his little girl and child in-law are depended on for the vast majority of his consideration and a help specialist goes to every day to give him a shower. Since the beginning of his downturn Gary has pulled back from doing the exercises that he used to appreciate and he is a lot of cutting himself off from the world. He delighted in used to appreciate utilizing his PC to look into neighborhood and family ancestry. The foundation of Gary’s issue I accept is that he has gotten discouraged because of his separation from this present reality and with his present absence of care and versatility he is nearly ‘stuck in a rut’ and should be expelled from this circumstance and given progressively self-esteem. Gary needs a progressively dynamic spot in the public eye and the more assistance that he can be given the more he will feel like he has a reason in the public arena, his family have misgivings about the game-plan that Gary wishes to seek after because of their confinements as respect to the hour of day that his little girl can go to prepare him and furthermore the notoriety of the old work companion that is offering him future business. Grown-up Social Services have various objectives for individuals who are debilitated they incorporate Maintaining autonomy, chances to add to the network, feeling esteemed, access to social contact and network, keeping dynamic and alarm (http://www. york. air conditioning. uk/inst/spru/bars/pdf/newvision. pdf) all these apply to Gary and Adult Social administrations need to push ahead with Gary to give him a more prominent personal satisfaction and move him towards the objectives cap he wish to acquire there are various alternatives that are accessible to them. There are various viewpoints that could be viewed as when taking a gander at the circumstance of Gary, we can take a gander at through the eyes of the Social Model of Disability (K217 Book2), Sigma (Goffman 1968) , strengthening (K217 Book 3). When taking a gander at Gary’s circumstance I am applying the Social Model of handicap which was made by crippled individuals themselves. This was fundamentally made because of the reaction that society has given to impaired individuals and furthermore an impression of the experience that crippled individuals have gone over in the wellbeing and government assistance framework which as given them a sentiment of being socially disconnected and mistreated. The second point of view that I will apply to this report is strengthening, this gives the administration client more prominent control of the administrations that they get, being associated with the arranging of administrations and growing great practice. (Barnes and Bowl, 2001) Discussion For the situation study that this report depends on Gary has been in a genuine fender bender that has denied him of the utilization of his legs and this currently implies he can just get around with the utilization of a wheelchair. This circumstance has had a thump on impact of him have a low feeling of self-esteem and an absence of pride in his circumstance, he experiences despondency and is taking drug for this. Radar (the inability system) and Depression Alliance dispatched a report (http://www. depressionalliance. organization/PDF/misery inability and-work report. df) that investigated discouragement as a handicap and how we can improve the manner in which we take a gander at sadness and the progressions we can make to help diminish work, long haul monetary idleness and confinement. Of the 566 individuals who addressed 95% were living with wretchedness and a quarter (148) individuals had a drawn out physical wellbeing condition. 77% of the individuals announced that they had not gotten any help with work. Gary is living with a sort of handicap which is troublesome, most crippled individuals are not discouraged and don't remain discouraged. The commonness of discouragement among debilitated grown-ups is twice that of sound more seasoned grown-ups (Beekman AT, 2002), the connection among gloom and incapacity is a two route road with misery there being a connection between physical inabilities and burdensome indications in more seasoned grown-ups (Gill TM,Kurland B 2003). You read K217 Ena in classification Article models There is clear proof that Gary has on the beginning of despondency that can be connected to the effect of the loss of his legs in his fender bender and with him currently socially separated and without work these have now added to the issues over some undefined time frame. In a report by Tania Burchardt called †Enduring monetary exclusion’ Disabled people,income and work’ the investigation discovered that impaired individuals presently make up an enormous and developing extent of individuals who are of working age, it currently remains somewhere in the range of 12 and 16% (Enduring financial prohibition Page. 4) One telling measurement is the issues that impaired individuals have getting work, and that 33% of those crippled individuals who discover business are unemployed by and by the next year. In the report by Tania Burchardt the pay insights show that half of every debilitated individuals have earnings beneath everyone pointer of destitution after it was considered in about the extra cost that impaired individuals cause because of their wellbeing. Gary needs to access retraining so he can move towards picking up work by and by after he gets qualified in the division that he wishes, to do this he is going to require some additional assistance from the neighborhood Conway Council to get to his objectives. Conway Adult Social Services have various choices that they advance that might be of help to Gary, they as of now give him want to assist him with getting washed and his girl and child in-law take up the consideration obligations in the first part of the day. Conwy can furnish Homecare that can help with a scope of things, for example, help getting up, getting dressed, planning dinners, doing clothing and shopping where suitable (http://www. conwy. gov. uk/transfer/open/connections/466/Microsoft_Word__CCO_Leaflet_eng. df) . Gary would should be surveyed with respect to the degree of care that he would be qualified for likewise considered concerning the chance of hardware or adaptions that could be made to the home to assist him with living all the more autonomously and securely in his home. Despite the fact that Gary is determined to this strategy his girl and child in-law have doubts about his age and the measure of care that she could give her dad because of her own family duties. His girls see point about his age and the way that any new boss may request to much from him is truly being founded on his incapacity and not exclusively founded on is age (K217, Book 2). There ought to be no forswearing of chances or limitation of decision dependent on suppositions that are made because of his inability. Through the social model incapacity is comprehended as an inconsistent relationship inside society and there can be no hindrances keeping individuals from increasing equivalent access to data, training and business. There are alternatives that maybe he has not thought of and with him feeling socially disconnected because of living alone and his absence of contact with the outside world. Conwy Council Adult Social Services advances day care or chances to meet others and participate in trips and different exercises so Gary would have the option to haver a considerably more dynamic life that would could help with the downturn he is languishing. (http://www. conwy. gov. uk/transfer/open/connections/466/Microsoft_Word__CCO_Leaflet_eng. pdf) The standards of good practice (http://www. nderstandingindividualneeds. com/page. php? identity=principles) express that you need to give Gary a decision about the manner by which he wishes to push ahead and furthermore mull over his passionate needs. Social improvement is tied in with picking up associations with an assortment of individuals and partaking in a normal life and as of now Gary can't get these essential rights. Gregory Beattie

SO META

SO META Im sitting at the kitchen table in my London flat; my sister Lisa (MIT 17!!) is sitting to my right, underlining passages from her AP US History textbook  The American Pageant, and my friend Davie (12) is sitting opposite me, resting on his elbow and playing  Words With Friends. Hes drinking water from a bottle of what was once Cloudy Apple* juice. *YeahI have no idea what that is. Oddly, as soon as I typed this, my sister asked him whether Cloudy Apple is good, and Davies response was it tastes like cider, so I guess I have my answer. This supports my longtime suspicion that Lisa and I actually share a consciousness. Anyway, I wanted to write a blog post, but was struggling with writers block (its easier to blog for MIT admissions while actually at MIT) I write much more efficiently under deadline pressure, so Davie gave me an assignment: you have half an hour, he said, to write about being an MIT admissions blogger. There are a bunch of different things I could (should) touch on. Why and how I became an admissions blogger and application requirements How I blog the writing and posting process Whether you should become an admissions blogger I only have 23 minutes left, so time to get cracking. 1. Why and how I became an admissions blogger In eighth grade, I was IMing my bff Sameer when he mentioned MIT. Eighth grade Anna: Is that the Maryland Institute of Technology? Sameer had moved to London from Maryland, so this seemed perfectly plausible. Eighth grade Sameer (paraphrased): ..no. MASSACHUSETTS Institute of Technology. Itspretty famous. Eighth grade Anna: Ohokay. Sameer promptly sent me the link to the MIT admissions site, and I began reading the blogs. Mollie  made a particularly strong impression on me. I was an avid, regular reader long before I had any interest whatsoever in actually attending MIT; I read the blogs because I liked to read the blogs. A few years later, I spent a summer in New Mexico at a six-week astrophysics program for High School students. Lulu was one of my TAs I almost swooned when I made the connection that she was an admissions blogger. I think I wanted to become an MIT admissions blogger before I wanted to become an MIT undergraduate student. But when it came time to apply to college, MIT was naturally on the list, and when it came time to choose where to enroll, MIT snuck up to first place; it had the advantage of feeling like a friend Id grown up with. If the blogs didnt exist, I would probably not be here. I graduated from High School in 2010. All summer, I obsessively checked the admissions page, waiting for the blogger application to appear. I knew that one of the requirements would be some sort of writing portfolio and that it helps to already have a blog, to prove that you are able to churn out pieces of writing well and consistently so I started a blog sometime in June. In other words: you do not need to have had a blog for a zillion years in order to become an admissions blogger. You just need to prove somehow that you *can* do it. When the application came out, I was in the middle of an internship in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Im pretty sure I was on crutches at the time, after a dramatic Ultimate Frisbee accident. I think (though dont really remember) that I told Chris Peterson that I wanted to major in Brain and Cognitive Science, wanted to become involved in Medlinks, and wanted to live in French House. I dont remember what YouTube video I sent him, dont remember what little known fact I sent in, and dont remember my little known fact about anything you care to share. I dont remember what I said to the Team Edward or Team Jacob question, since I refuse to go anywhere near that series, dont remember what I said Id do in a zombie apocalypse, and dont remember how I said I would decorate my scraper bike. I DO remember that I sent in a copy of the graduation speech I gave as valedictorian. In other words, I remember almost nothing about that application. But I got the job! And I think I was almost, if not as, excited about that as I was to initially get into MIT. I had wanted that job for a long time. 2. How I blog the writing and posting process Looking back at old posts reminds me how much my posting process has changed over the (almost three! AHHH!!!!) years. I used to spend ten gajillion hours writing every post, paranoid that it would be bad or not well-written or not interesting. I think that, accordingly, my first posts sounded a bit artificial. I then got very busy. This is the hardest part of being a blogger, as youve probably noticed if you follow the site: posting regularly when there are a million other activities and responsibilities in your MIT student life. Since I was posting less regularly, I felt pressured to post BETTER, and therefore posted even LESS regularly, because Id take a lot of time on each post. Im not sure when the downward spiral ended, but at some point I stopped obsessing so much over every word. Now, I post about once a week; each takes about an hour, and sometimes longer. I dont do any proofreading or editing until after its posted; if you read an entry five days later, itll be a bit different from when I initially published it. Sometimes, friends and family give me ideas for posting but more often than not, ideas hit me in the middle of doing something else, and I drop everything and blog. Alternatively, Ill be hit with a strong desire to blog, and figure out what to write about as I go along. If I really cant think of anything, I cheat and do something like this,  this, or this. I should mention that the blogs are completely uncensored. I write about whatever I like, without having it screened by an admissions officer. The only rule is that I dont make stuff up about this place. 3. Whether you should become an admissions blogger I have two minutes left in my assignment. So this will have to be quick. Consider: Do you follow the admissions blogs / have a sense for the culture? Does writing come easily for you? If you take five hours to write 500 words, this will be a painful job for you. Its important to post regularly. Do you enjoy telling stories? Do you enjoy interacting with prospective students? Do you have the patience for receiving e-mails like HOW DO I GET INTO MIT??? Are you cool with having a weird cartoon avatar of your face on the admissions site? and with random people meeting you and saying waitare you Firstname LastInitial GraduationYear THE ADMISSIONS BLOGGER??? Okay, Im out of time; my half hour is up. So, this is getting posted right now, whether I like it or not. Let me know if you have any questions about the job and consider that its possible to write a post in half an hour, so the job couldnt possibly take *that* much time out of your week :)

Technology Schools 2019

It has been said that ours is the information age. This can be interpreted to mean that our economy, as well as our society, is built around information. There is, undoubtedly, some truth to this notion. Computers and the Internet ruled the stock market for a period in the nineties, and the consumer market is certainly dominated by electronic products that deliver or receive information in one format or another. Computer science and information technology have become primary focal points in our higher education system, and they play a prominent role in many of the new career opportunities that are being developed today. The advent of the Internet and the spawning of all the chip-driven, electronic devices that have become part of our social fabric are reflected in the evolving curricula found in higher education. The traditional sciences physics, chemistry, and the mathematics that accompanies them are increasingly focused on biotech, nanotech and info tech. Schools of engineering are devoting resources to electrical engineering which, in turn, becomes computer science and the electronics that make our computer networks function. .u0870f4a433e56fe6ac9c5c410e744340 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u0870f4a433e56fe6ac9c5c410e744340:active, .u0870f4a433e56fe6ac9c5c410e744340:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u0870f4a433e56fe6ac9c5c410e744340 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u0870f4a433e56fe6ac9c5c410e744340 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u0870f4a433e56fe6ac9c5c410e744340 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u0870f4a433e56fe6ac9c5c410e744340:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ The History of the C Programming Language Technology is finding its place in our schools as teaching devices in the lower grades, and as academic departments in higher education. Today, you can find college degrees in information technology and many spin-offs of that discipline. Networking, wireless technology, the Internet and all of its new developments and markets all these things are part of the information technology orbit. Computer science, as an academic discipline, really includes the electronics involved on the cutting edge of new product development. This includes, not only consumer products but, the introduction of new concepts in medical and industrial fields. Universities and colleges are devoting resources to academics in these fields. For those of us who see a new area of career opportunity and wish to go in that direction, technology is often best pursued at online colleges. People who are working and want to obtain degrees or certifications that will provide job options in technology should explore the opportunities and efficiency of the online educational institutions. .u9f5da810033503501f54b1a84743e5e7 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u9f5da810033503501f54b1a84743e5e7:active, .u9f5da810033503501f54b1a84743e5e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u9f5da810033503501f54b1a84743e5e7 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u9f5da810033503501f54b1a84743e5e7 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u9f5da810033503501f54b1a84743e5e7 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u9f5da810033503501f54b1a84743e5e7:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Psychology Degree A First Step to a Career as a Military PsychologistSchools, such as University of Phoenix Online, have an entire department devoted to technology. Working professionals, who want to apply their previously-accrued college credits to a degree in information technology, can find the following degree programs at University of Phoenix: Associate of Arts in Information Technology. Associate of Arts in Information Technology/Networking. BS in Business/Information Systems. BS in Business/e-Business. BS in Information Technology. BS in Information Technology/Information System Security. BS in Information Technology/Visual Communications. MBA/Technology Management. MIS Master of Information Systems. Doctor of Management/Information Systems and Technology. Kaplan University can offer you 6 associates degrees and 6 bachelors degrees with specialization in different information technology areas. Among those are: AAS in Computer Information Systems. AASCIS/Java. AASCIS/Networking. AASCIS/Programming. AASCIS/Web Development. AASCIS/Wireless Networking. BS in Information Technology. BSIT/Database. BSIT/Multimedia and Animation. BSIT/Networking. BSIT/Programming. BSIT/Web Development. Kaplans associates programs can move you onto a new career path in less than 18 months! .ub88165aa0731a50dc2fb8fc0930d6bd9 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ub88165aa0731a50dc2fb8fc0930d6bd9:active, .ub88165aa0731a50dc2fb8fc0930d6bd9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ub88165aa0731a50dc2fb8fc0930d6bd9 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ub88165aa0731a50dc2fb8fc0930d6bd9 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ub88165aa0731a50dc2fb8fc0930d6bd9 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ub88165aa0731a50dc2fb8fc0930d6bd9:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ General Engineering Degree Make Use of Technical and People Skills as a Sales EngineerColorado Technical University has an online program with four information technology degrees at the bachelors level, and two technology degrees at the masters level: B.S. in Business Administration Information Technology. B.S. in Information Technology Software Systems Engineering. B.S. in Information Technology Network Management. B.S. in Information Technology Security. M.S. in Management Information Systems Security. M.S. in Management Information Technology Management. There are many areas of expertise within the field of technology that are in demand today. For further information, click on any above program of interest and fill out the information request form. The choice is yours: if you have the initiative, an online technology education is there with a career path on the other side. Related ArticlesEarning a Computer Technology DegreeEducation in the Computer Science FieldComputer Science TechnologySchools, Colleges, and Institutes of TechnologyEarning a Masters Degree in Computer ScienceThe Relationship Beteween Computer Science and Engineering

Valuable Strategies for Essay Topics about the Federal Reserve That You Can Use Starting Immediately

Valuable Strategies for Essay Topics about the Federal Reserve That You Can Use Starting Immediately Essay Topics about the Federal Reserve - Overview It's not owned or directly controlled by the USA government. Over the subsequent three decades, the Commission traveled to the significant capitals of Europe and hosted a variety of hearings in the USA. It continues to be among the principal banking laws of the United States of america. Compare and contrast the big political parties in america. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Essay Topics about the Federal Reserve Private property rights for individuals are key because they offer a reason for people to seek out economic wealth. Secondly, countries whose citizens do not have to think about the necessities of life are in a position to spend more time developing methods that more effectively use the nation's resources. If bankers weren't permitted to make money out of thin air, they'd be making just a few percent per yea r on every loan issued, far from sufficient to construct the towering skyscrapers owned by banks in practically every big city. Its monetary decisions and policies intensely alter the economy of the nation and in a way the worldwide economy. Open-market operations have an immediate influence on the current market and are among the main ways the Fed controls the money supply. Purchasing gold or foreign currency is performed in hardly any cases merely to send an acceptable signal as the impact is considerable. Trade value has to do with the proportion of company and service trading that occurs between the 2 countries that issue the currency. The U. must modify its present tax program or change to some other tax plan to ensure we are in a position to fund our budget whilst reducing the load of the taxpayer. What You Must Know About Essay Topics about the Federal Reserve This essay is written for a general audience, to educate them in regards to the useful advantages of aspirin followed by offering detailed info about how an aspirin works to give relief. Generally terms this sort of payment isn't voluntary rather every person within the borders is entitled to satisfy the obligation. Within a couple weeks the panic passed, with just minimal impacts on the nation. As a consequence, the economy entered the depression stage of the cycle. Once board members are appointed, the U.S. government doesn't have any control over their decisions aside from the president's capability to get rid of a board member. Make sure any quoted material is suitably referenced and don't quote from dodgy sources like Wikipedia which don't have any superior control. According on the sum of information received and sent in and out of the Federal Reserve headquarters, backup update ought to be carried out daily to make sure no info can be lost in the event of any disaster. Use the aid of true academic experts and receive the service you have earned! This info are available on t he Federal Reserve Statistical release that's updated weekly. Monetary policy isn't all strengths there are weaknesses also related to this policy. The author is completely right regarding the independence of central banks. Essay Topics about the Federal Reserve: No Longer a Mystery In the same way, the government would want to keep the amount being spent on investment low especially in the current scenario of aggressive recession. OMO's are good at controlling the supply of money the moment it comes to short-term prices and inflation. This may create an issue for central banks due to the fact that they appear as if they're not independent, particularly when they explain the financial circumstance. Either side of the argument have their advantages and disadvantages and there's an in depth description of either side of the argument. When most explanations of the Great Moderation focus on these 3 factors, there's considerable disagreement on which explanation is the principa l reason. The volume is made over a group of papers by the debut, the very first chapter, and the previous two chapters. To guarantee that you will discover a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that is always online. Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Topics about the Federal Reserve? Nowadays it is extremely hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the vast majority of our clients require is essay writing. After you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin searching for a proper writer for your paper. The following two papers think about the lender-of-last-resort element of monetary policy.

O.B Case Studies Free Essays

|VALUES, ATTITUDES, AND JOB SATISFACTION | LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Contrast terminal and instrumental values 2. List the dominant values in today’s workforce 3. We will write a custom essay sample on O.B Case Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Identify the five value dimensions of national culture 4. Contrast the three components of an attitude 5. Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior 6. Identify the role that consistency plays in attitudes 7. State the relationship between job satisfaction and behavior 8. Identify four employee responses to dissatisfaction CHAPTER OVERVIEW Why is it important to know an individual’s values? Although they do not have a direct impact on behavior, values strongly influence a person’s attitudes. Knowledge of an individual’s value system can provide insight into his/her attitudes. Given that people’s values differ, managers can use the Rokeach Value Survey to assess potential employees and determine if their values align with the dominant values of the organization. An employee’s performance and satisfaction are likely to be higher if his/her values fit well with the organization. For instance, the person who places high importance on imagination, independence, and freedom is likely to be poorly matched with an organization that seeks conformity from its employees. Managers are more likely to appreciate, evaluate positively, and allocate rewards to employees who â€Å"fit in,† and employees are more likely to be satisfied if they perceive that they do fit. This argues for management to strive during the selection of new employees to find job candidates who not only have the ability, experience, and motivation to perform, but also a value system that is ompatible with the organization’s. Managers should be interested in their employees’ attitudes because attitudes give warnings of potential problems and because they influence behavior. Satisfied and committed employees, for instance, have lower rates of turnover and absenteeism. Given that managers want to keep resignations and absences down—especially among their more productive emp loyees—they will want to do those things that will generate positive job attitudes. Managers should also be aware that employees will try to reduce cognitive dissonance. More importantly, dissonance can be managed. If employees are required to engage in activities that appear inconsistent to them or are at odds with their attitudes, the pressures to reduce the resulting dissonance are lessened when the employee perceives that the dissonance is externally imposed and is beyond his/her control or if the rewards are significant enough to offset the dissonance. WEB EXERCISES At the end of each chapter of this instructor’s manual, you will find suggested exercises and ideas for researching the WWW on OB topics. The exercises â€Å"Exploring OB Topics on the Web† are set up so that you can simply photocopy the pages, distribute them to your class, make assignments accordingly. You may want to assign the exercises as an out-of-class activity or as lab activities with your class. Within the lecture notes the graphic will note that there is a WWW activity to support this material. The chapter opens introducing Marge Savage, a Microsoft marketing analyst who is gathering information about the â€Å"Nexters† generation—people born after 1977. They are the first group of people to never know a world without computers and the Internet. She found that this group values integrity, teamwork, moral support, responsibility, and freedom to pursue their dreams. They want to work for a company that supports their needs, and where they can have significant influence in shaping society. They see technology and the Internet as a major force for changing the world—good news for Microsoft. CHAPTER OUTLINE |Values |Notes: | |Values represent basic convictions that â€Å"a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or | | |socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence. | | | | | |There is a judgmental element of what is right, good, or desirable. | | | | | |Values have both content and intensity attributes. | | | | |The content attribute says that a mode of conduct or end-state of existence is important. | | |The intensity attribute specifies how important it is. | | |Ranking an individual’s values in terms of their intensity equals that person’s value system. | | | | |Values are not generally fluid and flexible. They tend to be relatively stable and enduring. | | | | | |A significant portion of the values we hold is established in our early years—from parents, teachers, f riends, | | |and others. | |The process of questioning our values, of course, may result in a change, but more often, our questioning acts | | |to reinforce the values we hold. | | |A. Importance of Values | | |1. Values lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation because they influence our | | |perceptions. | | | | | |2. Individuals enter organizations with notions of what is right and wrong with which they interpret behaviors| | |or outcomes—at times this can cloud objectivity and rationality. | | | | |3. Values generally influence attitudes and behavior. | | |B. Types of Values | | |1. Rokeach Value Survey (Exhibit 3-1) | | | | | |It consists of two sets of values, with each set containing 18 individual value items. | | |One set—terminal values—refers to desirable end-states of existence, the goals that a person would like to | | |achieve during his/her lifetime. | |The other—instrumental values—refers to preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving the terminal values. | | | | | | | | |2. Several studies confirm that the RVS values vary among groups. | | | | |People in the same occupations or categories tend to hold similar values. | | |Contemporary Work Cohorts | | |1. The unique value of different cohorts is that the U. S. workforce can be segmented by the era they entered | | |the workforce. (Exhibit 3-3) | | |Contemporary Work Cohorts (cont. ) |Notes: | |2. Veterans—Workers who entered the workforce from the early 1940s through the early 1960s | | |Influenced by the Great Depression and World War II | | |Believe in hard work | | |Tend to be loyal to their employer | | |Terminal values: Comfortable life and family security | | | | | |3. Boomers—Employees who entered the workforce during the 1960s through the mid-1980s | | | | | |Influenced heavily by John F. Kennedy, the civil rights and feminist movements, the Beatles, the Vietnam War, | | |and baby-boom competition | | |Distrust authority, but have a high emphasis on achievement and material success | | |Organizations who employ them are vehicles for their careers | | |Terminal values: sense of accomplishment and social recognition | | | | | |4. Xers—began to enter the workforce from the mid-1980s | | | | | |Shaped by globalization, two-career parents, MTV, AIDS, and computers | | |Value flexibility, life options, and achievement of job satisfaction | | |Family and relationships are important and enjoy team-oriented work | | |Money is important, but will trade off for increased leisure time | | |Less willing to make personal sacrifices for employers than previous generations | | |Terminal values: true friendship, happiness, and pleasure | | | | | |5. Nexters—most recent entrants into the workforce. | | | | |Grew up in prosperous times, have high expectation, believe in themselves, and confident in their ability to | | |succeed | | |Never-ending search for ideal job; see nothing wrong with job-hopping | | |Seek financial success | | |Enjoy team work, but are highly self-reliant | | |Terminal values: freedom and comfortable life | | | | | |Individuals’ values differ, but tend to reflect the societal values of the period in which they grew up. This | | |can be a valuable aid in explaining and predicting behavior. Employees in their 60s, for instance, are more | | |likely to accept authority than coworkers 15 years younger. | | | | | |7. Workers under 35 are more likely than the other groups to balk at having to work overtime or weekends, | | |and are more prone to leave a job in mid-career to pursue another that provides more leisure time. | | | | OB IN THE NEWS – American Workers Rethink Priorities Values are relatively permanent, but dramatic shocks can realign them. For example, the terrorists’ attacks on September 11 may have significantly reprioritized many Americans’ values. The initial response to the terrorist attacks for many people was a reevaluation of choices related to jobs, family, and career success. In some cases, this led to a rethinking of career paths, cutting back on grueling schedules, and deciding to pursue work that might pay less b ut seem more meaningful. For instance, in California, young workers who once talked of dot-com millions are now asking: â€Å"Is it worth it? † Some employees appear less concerned about putting in face time, making deadlines, and getting on the fast track. They seem more concerned about family and worry less about time at the office. CEOs say some of their employees are talking more earnestly about work/life balance, mortality, and other questions once considered taboo in the office. Said one consultant, â€Å"The event de-emphasized what most people value—the money and the luxuries. People are questioning what’s really important; they’re questioning work. It’s happening across the board. † It has now been more than a year since the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington D. C. That provides a more meaningful perspective on whether this event has had long-term implications on workplace values, or whether any reprioritizing was merely a knee-jerk reaction to a traumatic event, followed by a return to â€Å"business as usual. † Do you think a significant portion of Americans have permanently reprioritized their values as a result of 9-11? Class Exercise: 1. Have students break into small groups to discuss the question: â€Å"Do you think a significant portion of Americans have permanently reprioritized their values as a result of 9-11? † Ask them to list examples of why or why not they think the way they do. 2. As a class, share what was discussed in the small groups. 3. Ask if they think America’s values have changed, or were they just reawakened? 4. Ask if they think organizations’ values have changed or reprioritized as a result of the events. 5. Ask them to relate this question to themselves. Have they reprioritized their lives as a result of the 9-11 events? (They may not want to share this information with the entire class—its purpose is just to get them thinking. ) |A. Values, Loyalty, and Ethical Behavior |Notes: | |Many people think there has been a decline in business ethics since the late 1970s. The four-stage model of | | |work cohort values might explain this perception. Exhibit 3-2) | | | | | |Managers consistently report the action of bosses as the most important factor influencing ethical and unethical| | |behavior in the organization. | | | | | |Through the mid-1970s, the managerial ranks were dominated by Veterans whose loyalty was to their employer; | | |their decisions were made in terms of what was best for the employer. | | | | |Boomers entered the workforce at this time and by the 1990â₠¬â„¢s had risen into the majority of management | | |positions. Loyalty was to their careers. Self-centered values would be consistent with a decline in ethical | | |values. Did this really happen? | | | | | |Recent entrants to the workforce—Xers—are now moving into middle management. Loyalty is to relationships, | | |therefore they may be more likely to consider the ethical implications of their actions on others around them. | | Instructor Note: At this point in the lecture you may want to introduce the Ethical Dilemma: Is it a Bribe or a Gift? Exercise found in the text. The purpose of the exercise is to provide the opportunity for students to understand that ethical situations are not always black or white and must be given consideration as business decisions are made. |B. Values Across Cultures |Notes: | |Values differ across cultures, therefore, understanding these differences helps to explain and to predict | | |behavior of employees from different countries. One of the most widely referenced approaches for analyzing | | |variations among cultures has been done by Geert Hofstede. | | | | | |Hofstede’s A framework for assessing cultures; five value dimensions of national culture (Exhibit 3-4): | | | | | |a. Power distance: | | | | | |The degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed | | |unequally. | | | | | |Individualism versus collectivism: | | | | |Individualism is the degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of | | |groups. | | |Collectivism equals low individualism. | | | | | |Quantity of life versus quality of life: | | | | | |Quantity of life is the degree to which values such as assertiveness, the acquisition of money and material | | |goods, and competition prevail. | |Quality of life is the degree to which people value relationships and show sensitivity and concern for the | | |welfare of others. | | | | | |Uncertainty avoidance: | | | | | |The degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations. | | | | |Long-term versus short-term orientation: | | | | | |Long-term orientations look to the future and value thrift and persistence. | | |Short-term orientation values the past and present and emphasizes respect for tradition and fulfilling social | | |obligations. | | | | |Conclusions: | | | | | |Asian countries were more collectivist than individualistic. US ranked highest on individualism. German and | | |Hong Kong ranked highest on quality of life; Russia and The Netherlands were low. China and Hong Kong had a | | |long-term orientation; France and US were low. | | | | |3. Hofstede’s work is the basic framework for assessing cultures. However, it is nearly 30 years old. In | | |1993, the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) has begun updating this research | | |with date from 825 organizations and 62 countries. | | | | | |a. GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures: | | | | | |Assertiveness: The extent to which a society encourages people to be tough, confrontational, assertive, and | | |competitive versus modest and tender | | | | |Future Orientation: The extent to which a society encourages and rewards future-oriented behaviors such as | | |planning, investing in the future and delaying gratification | | | | | |Gender differentiation: The extent to which a society maximized gender role differences | | |Values Across Cultures (cont. |Notes: | | | | |Uncertainly avoidance: Society’s reliance on social norms and procedures to alleviate the unpredictability of | | |future events | | | | | |Power distance: The degree to which members of a society expect power to be unequally shared | | | | | |Individualism/Collectivism: The degree to which individuals are encouraged by societal institutions to be | | |integrated into groups within organizations and society | | | | | |In-group collectivism: The extent to which society’s members take pride in membership in small groups such as | | |their families and circles of close friends, and the organizations where they are employed | | | | | Performance orientation: The degree to which society encourages and rewards group members for performance | | |improvement and excellence | | | | | |Humane orientation: The degree to which a society encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, | | |altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others | | | | | |b. Conclusion: The GLOBE study had extended Hofstede’s work rather than replaced it. It confirms Hofstede’s | | |five dimensions are still valid and provides updated measures of where countries are on each dimension. For | | |example, the U. S. in the 70s led the world in individualism—today, it is in the mid-ranks of countries. | | Instructor Note: At this point in the lecture you may want to introduce the Team Exercise: Challenges in Negotiating with Chinese Executives found in the text. The purpose of this exercise is to give the students an opportunity to develop awareness of how to effectively work with another culture when doing business. |C. Implications for OB | | |Americans have developed organizational behavior within domestic contexts—more than 80 percent of the articles | | |published in journals were by Americans. | | | | |Follow-up studies continue to confirm the lack of cross-cultural considerations in management and OB research. | | |From a cultural perspective this means: | | | | | |Not all OB theories and concepts are universally applicable. | |You should take into consideration cultural values when trying to understand the behavior of people in different| | |countries. | | |Attitudes | | |Attitudes are evaluative statements that are either favorable or unfavorable concerning object s, people, or | | |events. | | | | | |Attitudes are not the same as values, but the two are interrelated. | | | | |Three components of an attitude: | | | | | |Cognition | | |Affect | | |Behavior | | | | |The belief that â€Å"discrimination is wrong† is a value statement and an example of the cognitive component of an | | |attitude. | | |Attitudes (cont. ) |Notes: | |Value statements set the stage for the more critical part of an attitude—its affective component. Affect is the | | |emotional or feeling segment of an attitude. Example: â€Å"I don’t like Jon because he discriminates again | | |minorities. | | | | | |The behavioral component of an attitude refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or | | |something. Example: â€Å"I chose to avoid Jon because he discriminates. † | | | | | |Viewing attitudes as made up of three components helps with understanding of the potential relationship between | | |attitudes and beh avior, however, when we refer to attitude essentially we mean the affect part of the three | | |components. | | | | |In contrast to values, your attitudes are less stable. Advertisements are directed at changing your attitudes | | |and are often successful. | | | | | |In organizations, attitudes are important because they affect job behavior. | | |A. Types of Attitudes | | |OB focuses our attention on a very limited number of job-related attitudes. Most of the research in OB has been |Notes: | |concerned with three attitudes: job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. | | | | | |Job satisfaction | | | | | |Definition: It is an individual’s general attitude toward his/her job. | | | | |A high level of job satisfaction equals positive attitudes toward the job and vice versa. | | | | | |Employee attitudes and job satisfaction are frequently used interchangeably. | | | | | |Often when people speak of â€Å"employee attitudes† they mean â€Å"employee job satisfaction. | | | | | |Job involvement | | | | | |A workable definition: the measure of the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his/her job | | |and considers his/her perceived performance level important to self-worth. | | | | | |High levels of job involvement is thought to result in fewer absences and lower resignation rates. | | | | | |Job involvement more consistently predicts turnover than absenteeism. | | | | |Organizational commitment | | | | | |Definition: A state in which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals, and wishes to| | |maintain membership in the organization. | | | | |Research evidence demonstrates negative relationships between organizational commitment and both absenteeism and| | |turnover. | | | | | |An individual’s level of organizational commitment is a better indicator of turnover than the far more | | |frequently used job satisfaction predictor because it is a more global and enduring response to the organization| | |as a whole than is job satisfaction. | | | | |This evidence, most of which is more than two decades old, needs to be qualified to reflect the changing | | |employee-employer relationship. | | |A. Types of Attitudes (cont. ) |Notes: | |Organizational commitment is probably less important as a job-related attitude than it once was because the | | |unwritten â€Å"loyalty† contract in place when this researc h was conducted is no longer in place. | | | | |In its place, we might expect â€Å"occupational commitment† to become a more relevant variable because it better | | |reflects today’s fluid workforce. | | Instructor Note: At this point in the lecture you may want to introduce the exercise Point-Counter Point: Mangers Can Create Satisfied Employees exercise found in the text. The purpose of the exercise is to replace popularly held notions with research-based conclusions. |B. Attitudes and Consistency |Notes: | |People sometimes change what they say so it does not contradict what they do. | | | | |Research has generally concluded that people seek consistency among their attitudes and between their attitudes | | |and their behavior. | | | | | |Individuals seek to reconcile divergent attitudes and align their attitudes and behavior so they appear rational| | |and consistent. | | | | |When there is an inconsistency, forces are initiated to return the individual to an equilibrium state where | | |attitudes and behavior are again consistent, by altering either the attitudes or the behavior, or by developing | | |a rationalization for the discrepancy. | | |C. Cognitive Dissonance Theory | | |Leon Festinger, in the late 1950s, proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance, seeking to explain the linkage | | |between attitudes and behavior. He argued that any form of inconsistency is uncomfortable and that individuals | | |will attempt to reduce the dissonance. | | | | |Dissonance means â€Å"an inconsistency. † | | | | | |Cognitive dissonance refers to â€Å"any incompatibility that an individual might perceive between two or more of | | |his/her attitudes, or between his/her behavior and attitudes. | | | | | |No individual can completely avoid dissonance. | | | | | |The desire to reduce dissonance would be determined by: | | | | | |The importance of the elements creating the dissonance. | | |The degree of influence the individual beli eves he/she has over the elements. | | |The rewards that may be involved in dissonance. | | | | |Importance: If the elements creating the dissonance are relatively unimportant, the pressure to correct this | | |imbalance will be low. | | | | | |Influence: If the dissonance is perceived as an uncontrollable result, they are less likely to be receptive to | | |attitude change. While dissonance exists, it can be rationalized and justified. | | | | |Rewards: The inherent tension in high dissonance tends to be reduced with high rewards. | | | | | |Moderating factors suggest that individuals will not necessarily move to reduce dissonance—or consistency. | | |C. Cognitive Dissonance Theory (cont. ) |Notes: | |Organizational implications | | | | |Greater predictability of the propensity to engage in attitude and behavioral change | | |The greater the dissonance—after it has been moderated by importance, choice, and rewards factors—the greater | | |the pressures to reduce it. | | |D. Measuring the A-B Relationship | | |Early research on attitudes and common sense assumed a causal relationship to behavior. In the late 1960s, this| | |assumed relationship between attitudes and behavior (A-B) was challenged. Recent research has demonstrated that| | |attitudes significantly predict future behavior. | | | | |The most powerful moderators: | | | | | |Importance | | |Specificity | | |Accessibility | | |Social pressures | | |Direct experience | | | | | |Importance: Reflects fundamental values, self-interest, or identification with individuals or groups that a | | |person values. | | | | | |Specificity: The more specific the attitude and the more specific the behavior, the stronger the link between | | |the two. | | | | |Accessibility: Attitudes that are easily remembered are more likely to predict behavior than attitudes that are | | |not accessible in memory. | | | | | |Social pressures: Discrepancies between attitudes and behavior are m ore likely to occur where social pressures | | |to behave in certain ways hold exceptional power. | | | | |Direct experience: The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if an attitude refers to an | | |individual’s direct personal experience. | | |E. Self-perception theory | | |Researchers have achieved still higher correlations by pursuing whether or not behavior influences attitudes. | | | | |Self-perception theory argues that attitudes are used to make sense out of an action that has already occurred | | |rather than devices that precede and guide action. Example: I’ve had this job for 10 years, no one has forced | | |me to stay, so I must like it! | | | | | |Contrary to cognitive dissonance theory, attitudes are just casual verbal statements; they tend to create | | |plausible answers for what has already occurred. | | | | |While the traditional attitude-behavior relationship is generally positive, the behavior-attitude relationship | | |is stronger particularly when attitudes are vague and ambiguous or little thought has been given to it | | |previously. | | |An Application: Attitude Surveys | | |The most popular method for getting information about employee attitudes is through attitude surveys. See | | |Exhibit 3-5) | | | | | |Using attitude surveys on a regular basis provides managers with valuable feedback on how employees perceive | | |their working conditions. Managers present the employee with set statements or questions to obtain specific | | |information. | | | | |Policies and practices that management views as objective and fair may be seen as inequitable by employees in | | |general or by certain groups of employees and can lead to negative attitudes about the job and the organization. | | | | | |Employee behaviors are often based on perceptions, not reality. Often employees do not have objective data from | | |which to base their perceptions. | | | | |The use of regular attitude surveys can aler t management to potential problems and employees’ intentions early | | |so that action can be taken to prevent repercussions. | | |G. Attitudes and Workforce Diversity | | |A survey of U. S. organizations with 100 or more employees found that 47 percent or so of them sponsored some | | |sort of diversity training. | | | | |These diversity programs include a self-evaluation phase where people are pressed to examine themselves and to | | |confront ethnic and cultural stereotypes they might hold. This is followed by discussion with people from | | |diverse groups. | | | | | |Additional activities designed to change attitudes nclude arranging for people to do volunteer work in | | |community or social service centers in order to meet face to face with individuals and groups from diverse | | |backgrounds, and using exercises that let participants feel what it is like to be different. | | |Job Satisfaction | | |Measuring Job Satisfaction | | |Job satisfaction is â€Å"an indivi dual’s general attitude toward his/her job. | | | | | |Jobs require interaction with co-workers and bosses, following organizational rules and policies, meeting | | |performance standards, living with working conditions that are often less than ideal, and the like. This means | | |that an employee’s assessment of how satisfied or dissatisfied he or she is with his/her job is a complex | | |summation of a number of discrete job elements. | | | | |The two most widely used approaches are a single global rating and a summation score made up of a number of job | | |facets. | | | | | |a. The single global rating method is nothing more than asking individuals to respond to one question, such as| | |â€Å"All things considered, how satisfied are you with your job? | | |Measuring Job Satisfaction (cont. ) |Notes: | | A summation of job facets is more sophisticated: | | | | | |It identifies key elements in a job and asks for the employee’s feelings about each one ranked on a standardized| | |scale. | | | | |Typical factors that would be included are the nature of the work, supervision, present pay, promotion | | |opportunities, and relations with co-workers. | | | | | |Comparing these approaches, simplicity seems to work as well as complexity. Comparisons of one-question global | | |ratings with the summation-of-job-factors method indicate both are valid. | |How Satisfied Are People in Their Jobs? | | |Most people are satisfied with their jobs in the developed countries surveyed. | | | | | |However, there has been a decline in job satisfaction since the early 1990s. In the US nearly an eight percent | | |drop in the 90s. Surprisingly those last years were one’s of growth and economic expansion. | | | | |What factors might explain the decline despite growth: | | | | | |Increased productivity through heavier employee workloads and tighter deadlines | | |Employees feeling they have less control over their work | | | | | |While some segments of the market are more satisfied than others, they tend to be higher paid, higher skilled | | |jobs which gives workers more control and challenges. | | Instructor Note: At this point in the lecture you may want to introduce the exercise found in the MYTH OR SCIENCE: How Satisfied Are People in Their Jobs? box found in the text. The purpose of the exercise is to replace popularly held notions with research-based conclusions. MYTH OR SCIENCE? – â€Å"Happy Workers Are Productive Workers† This statement is generally false. The myth that â€Å"happy workers are productive workers† developed in the 1930s and 1940s, due to the Hawthorne studies at Western Electric. A careful review of the research indicates that, if there is a positive relationship between happiness (i. e. , satisfaction) and productivity, the correlations are low; no more than two percent of the variance in output can be accounted for by employee satisfaction. The evidence, however, is for the reverse—productive workers are likely to be happy workers. That is, productivity leads to satisfaction rather than the other way around. If the organization rewards productivity, these rewards, in turn, increase your level of satisfaction with the job. Class Exercise 1. Brainstorm with students about situations where they knew workers/employees were unhappy with the company or their jobs, but still did a reasonably good job. Perhaps have them share insights into their own feelings about their school, or a particular class they disliked but still tried very hard. 2. Discuss why someone who is unhappy with his/her job might work hard at it and do good work. 3. Why would someone who is happy with his/her job not perform at a higher level than the disgruntled worker? 4. Students should come to realize that most effort comes from internal drive, not external motivation. As a result, a highly internally motivated individual might perform well in any circumstance whereas his/her organizational environment would not positively affect a non-internally motivated individual. |C. The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance |Notes: | |Managers’ interest in job satisfaction tends to center on its effect on employee performance. Much research has| | |been done on the impact of job satisfaction on employee productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. | | | | |Satisfaction and productivity: How to cite O.B Case Studies, Essay examples

Nintendo - Creative Product Promotion free essay sample

When Nintendo release a new console or game, they usually conduct a large marketing product to make their products appeal to the mass market. The first way that Nintendo advertise is through television, they usually have their advertisements shown throughout the day and in the evening in order to try to appeal to the family market because Nintendos products are usually targeted towards families and children. Nintendo in their television adverts try to make the view have the desire to buy the product, an example of this could be the initial marketing of the Nintendo Wii where the advertisements on television where an showing how people could become fitter by playing Wii games therefore making people desire the product. Another way that Nintendo used to advertise their products in the UK was through advertisements in newspapers and magazines. They used this form of advertising because it appeals to a wide range of people and also the adverts can be changed to suite the target audience of the magazines. We will write a custom essay sample on Nintendo Creative Product Promotion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Personal Selling Due to the millions of products they sell it is hard for Nintendo to personally sell their own products face to face, most of their products are either brought from the Nintendo online or brought through retailers. Personal selling is mainly done to customers buying from retail stores from the staff trying to sell customers more accessories. When the retailers were selling the Nintendo Wii the staff had a variety of different statistics given to them by Nintendo to show the customer how good the product is and how it can influence the day to day life of the customer. Sales Promotion When the Nintendo Wii came out Nintendo and some of the major retailers selling the product created competitions giving people the opportunity to win a Nintendo Wii, this then creates a buzz around the product and people become interested in what it is and then decide they would desire the product. Nintendo also used sales promotion in retailers where they funded demo stands where potential customers can use the product to see the benefits and decide whether they would like to buy the product, creating a stand for customers to try products is costly however opens up to a wide range of customers who otherwise may not be interested in the product. Public Relations Nintendo and other large companies that have association with creating video games often release statements, images and information in the media regarding the release of their new products. As I stated before in advertising Nintendo advertises its products in many different ways including Television, newspapers, magazines and various websites online. Direct Marketing Nintendo have a section of their website called Club Nintendo, this is where devoted customers and hear the latest news about Nintendo products and also collect stars which can be exchanged for rewards in the shop. Email newsletters are distributed to members of Club Nintendo telling them about upcoming products or evens, this is a great asset to Nintendo as a company because it allows them to build a solid customer base. Walkers Advertising Walkers main form of advertising is through television, this is because crisps appeal to a very wide group of people which affects almost all demographics. Walkers advertise by using ex footballer and television presenter Gary Lineker, this endorsement attracts attentions because Lineker is a well known celebrity and has a comical acting style within the adverts making them entertaining rather than giving information regarding the product. Another way Walkers advertise is through the press this is very important because it attracts a wide range of audience and does not single out one demographic. Personal Selling Due to the product not being large and expensive enough to make one sale make a big difference, walkers to not focus on personal selling. Walkers mainly concentrate on appealing to the mass market, they do this through mainstream advertising and often get involved in helping fund raising for various charity events such as comic relief and cancer research. Sales Promotion The major way that Walkers do sales promotion is through completions they advertise their competitions on television, press and on the packaging itself. Walkers have a separate website just for completions where customers can view and enter all the competitions. The latest competition that Walkers held gave customers the chance to win ? 50,000 through guessing the flavour of a packet of one of their mystery crisps. When deciding how to advertise this competition Walkers had to make a decision whether to advertise it on television, they saw it worthwhile to advertise on TV because if people saw the product in the supermarket without advertising on they may not know there is a competition so with the advertisement on the television then they will see the ? on the packaging and be attacked to that product because they have seen it on television. Public Relations Walkers use public relations such as press interviews and articles when they are introducing an new product or altering a classic. More and more products are being cutinised for being unhealthy for the nation, Walkers have reduced the saturated fat in their products by 50% over the last decade whilst maintain the same taste, this has attracted much attention from the media as they see Walkers are working hard to develop new products that will aid the country to become healthier. Direct Marketing Walkers have a section of their website where customers can sign up and hear about the latest games, news and competitions through e-mail. This gives Walkers the chance to advertise there products cheaply and in greater detail to the people who enjoy the product.